Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Ketepatan Waktu Pemberian Imunisasi pada Bayi

Abstract

Abstrak. Optimalisasi cakupan dari imunisasi yang masih rendah dibeberapa wilayah merupakan efek faktor predisposisi berupa sikap, pengetahuan, kepercayaan, nilai serta keyakinan, faktor pendukung seperti jarak menuju sarana pelayanan kesehatan dan ketersediaan fasilitas sedangkan faktor pendorong tercermin dari perilaku dan sikap tenaga kesehatan termasuk dukungan dari keluarga serta tokoh dari masyarakat. Cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap di Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2017 sebesar 85,92% dan Kabupaten Bombana menempati urutan terendah kedua dengan cakupan 72,03%. Pada persentase cakupan imunisasi campak hanya sekitar 72,30% dan cakupan imunisasi dasar lengkap hanya sekitar 70,62%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga dengan ketepatan waktu pemberian imunisasi pada bayi. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain Cross sectional study dengan jumlah sampel 65 orang ibu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengetahuan ibu berkategori baik menyebabkan ibu tepat waktu dalam pemberian imunisasi sebanyak 50 orang (76,9%) dan tidak tepat waktu sebanyak 12 orang (18,0%), sedangkan pengetahuan ibu berkategori kurang dan tidak tepat waktu dalam pemberian imunisasi sebanyak 3 orang (5,0%). Dalam hal dukungan keluarga berkategori baik menyebabkan ibu tepat waktu dalam pemberian imunisasi sebanyak 44 orang (67,7%) dan tidak tepat waktu sebanyak 9 orang (13,8%). Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p= 0,01 pada variabel pengetahuan dan p= 0,02 pada variabel dukungan keluarga artinya ada hubungan pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga dengan ketepatan pemberian imunisasi. Disarankan kepada pihak puskesmas Rarowatu Utara dalam meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi melalui pendekatan edukasi kepada kelompok ibu dan keluarga sehingga pengetahuan dan kepatuhan ibu terhadap layanan imunisasi semakin lebih baik.
Abstract. Immunization coverage in some areas is not optimal due to several predisposing factors such as knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, trusts, also values. Furthermore, it is also affected by supporting factors such as the availability of facilities and the distance to health care facilities. Meanwhile, the driving factors that also play a crucial rule are the attitudes and behaviour of health workers as well as family and community support. The number of complete basic immunization coverage in Southeast Sulawesi in 2017 was 85.92% and Bombana Regency was the second lowest with coverage of 72.03%. The percentage of measles immunization coverage was only about 72.30% and complete basic immunization coverage was only about 70.62%. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and family support with the timeliness of immunization for infants. This type of quantitative research uses a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 65 mothers. The results showed that there were 50 of them (76.9%) had good cognition of immunization, and it led them to be on time in giving immunizations to their infants. However, 12 of them did not give the immunization on time (18.0%), while 3 of them (5.0%) were categorized as lack of cognition and they did not immunize their infants. Besides, in terms of good family support, 44 of them (67.7%) were on time in giving immunizations, and 9 of them (13.8%) were not on time. The results of statistical tests obtained p = 0.01 on the knowledge variable and p = 0.02 on the family support variable, it implied that there was a relationship between cognition and family support with the accuracy of immunization. By the end of this study, The Health Centre of Rarowatu Utara, was suggested to increase immunization coverage through an educational approach to the mothers and family groups so that the cognition and adherence of mothers to immunization services will be better.